Brain atrophy and stroke

Studies show: There is a link between strokes and exposure to particulate matter. Especially if the PM2.5 pollution consists of the combustion of solids.

The higher the PM2.5 levels, the higher the risk of dying from an ischemic (narrowing or blockage of the arteries) stroke. Even five years after a first stroke, the chances of survival are significantly lower with increased particulate matter pollution.

There is also a link between particulate matter and brain volume.

Even long-term exposure to only slightly higher levels of PM2.5 can shrink the brain and increase the risk of a silent stroke by 46%. This also applies to people who have not yet developed dementia or suffered a stroke. American Heart Association

Women living in an area with high levels of particulate matter have been found to have lower white matter volume.